Education is the Key for the Poverty-Stricken Battle

The Poverty-Stricken Battle The educational system is one of the primary sources operating as a successful strategy to combat poverty in America. The history of education must go back to the first moment of human presence on the planet, since people have been learning from one another ever since. The mind is one of the greatest gifts that humanity has, and the ability to utilize the intelligence obtained has the power of solution through creative thinking. There is a secondary source revolving around a consumer and successful business activity and existence thereof. The sharing of knowledge of how both affect the American plague of poverty with a view of promise may shine bright upon the darkened road of the living with instead of without. How to address the strategy of combating poverty revolves around targeting the root problem to form a building block perspective. Presenting a suggestive solution to overcoming this issue has a focus in the scope of providing opportunity in a successful business environment. In order to provide the communities with business success, building upon the educational system adds much momentum to the growth of humanity. Sharing the creative idea with society is suggestive when you consider that creativity built modern civilization. The thought of humanity living in hardship under conditions lacking adequate means to support a family is sad and disappointing. To focus on a strategy used to combat poverty in our country is a dutiful projectShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Is A Mere Fantasy For The Poor Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesself-evident. America truly is the land of opportunity; so why are most of our poverty stricken citizens stuck at the bottom? Has the dream become a mere fantasy for the poor? One may say that it is possible for almost all poor Americans to climb the social hierarchy, but they unwilling to put in the effort necessary. While I do concede that it may be possible to climb the social ladder, I’d argue that the negative affect poverty has on work and mental health rig the system so that the opportunity simplyRead MoreThe American Dream : Why The Country Is A Mere Fantasy For The Poor Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesbecomes self-evident. America truly is the land of opportunity, s o why are many of our poverty stricken citizens stuck at the bottom? Has the dream become a mere fantasy for the poor? One may say that it is possible for most Americans to climb the social hierarchy, but many are unwilling to do what is necessary. While I do concede that it may be possible to climb the social ladder, I’d argue that the negative affect poverty has on job opportunities and mental health rig the system so that the opportunityRead MoreAfrican American Communities Have Proven To Be A Powerful1536 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme difficulties, challenges and hardships, including the critical yet silent battle with mental health. Culturally, African American families tend to underestimate mental illnesses instead of consulting professional services. Socially, there is a score of stigmas and negative attitudes towards mental illnesses amongst the Black community. Economically, the African American communities that are poverty stricken, or of lower socioeconomic class a re at risk to experience many more cases of mentalRead MoreSex And Sex Trafficking1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Poverty has on Sex Trafficking Suffering from poverty makes life unbearable at times and is hard to escape from. Most individuals that live in poverty are vulnerable and have little hope to improve their lives. Being vulnerable and having no hope for life can often leads to desperation. Sex trafficking and become a means of survival for these individuals. Low income is a major cause for sex trafficking. Sex trafficking can become a reason for a single mother to feed her children or canRead MoreWhy Is Boko Haram?1625 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex leaving a growing concern that Boko Haram is receiving backing from militants in other countries (Aghedo). Boko Haram, loosely translating to â€Å"Western education is a sin,† aims to establish a fully Islamic state in Nigeria, by the implementation of Sharia Law (â€Å"Boko Haram†). Generally, the expression â€Å"Boko Haram† portrays western education or anything associated with western civilization as sinful and forbidden (Ehwarieme). Sharia Law is the Muslim code of living that all Muslims are orderedRead MoreThe Importance Of Pre Kindergarten Education Within Students Suffering From Poverty2156 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This Contemporary Issues Paper looks at the importance of pre-kindergarten education within students suffering from poverty. The goal is to show the effectiveness of early prevention to prevent intervention in higher grades. Students living in poverty are at-risk of retention or later dropping out. As most of the students living in poverty receive some type of public assistance, I propose we create legislation requiring students of families that receive public assistance to enroll in a pre-kindergartenRead MoreThe Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Political Economy of Northeastern Nigeria1666 Words   |  7 PagesJamÄ ÃŠ »at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-daÊ »wa wal-JihÄ d meaning, People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophets Teachings and Jihad (Ekereke 2013, p.5). Founded in 2002 by Mohammed Yusuf, Boko Haram (which imply â€Å"western education is a sin†) first clashed with the Nigerian police in a 5-day battle in July, 2009 (Andrew 2012, p.1). This led to the death o f the founder and emergence of Abubakar Shekau, as the leader of the group. Under Shekau’s leadership, Boko Haram has attacked churches, mosques, markets,Read MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1837 Words   |  8 Pagesin Asia and the Middle East. Many, particularly females, are constantly manipulated and exploited due to certain factors that all connect to the concept of vulnerability. This can branch out to many aspects, however the main causes are poverty, a lack of education/awareness, gender role, and the absence of government intervention. With the gradual increase of women who are subjugated into illicit sexual enslavement in Asian and Middle Eastern countries, it is evident that victims are typically chosenRead MorePoverty Is More Important Than A War Of Nations1769 Words   |  8 Pagesfought to change maps. But wars of poverty are fought to map change.† Here, Muhammad Ali, a former famous American professional boxer, parallels wars of na tions to simply changing petty lines on a map, while compares wars on poverty to changing the well being of others for the better, not war. A war on poverty is more important than a war of nations because in Ali’s eyes people are all the same and should focus on helping rather than hurting each other. Overall, poverty is a social, economical, and politicalRead MoreA Critique of Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor3046 Words   |  13 PagesSince 1991, the southern half of Somalia, a poverty stricken African nation, has seen various tribal militias battle for dominance and power over individual regions of the country. Violence has plagued Mogadishu, the capital, since warlords ousted the former president. Mere months after the collapse of the government, men, women and children in torn clothes ran helplessly towards packages dropped from military planes towards the hot sand of their tiny village. This action was one of many attempts

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado

Denita Kumar Michael Frangos ENG 112 September 3, 2014 Revenge and Irony A friendship is based on trust, but do we truly know anyone in the way we think? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, a man named Fortunato is about to find out what kind of ‘friend’ Montresor really is. Montresor shows himself to be friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. In different ways, both of these men are proud and appear upper class, yet both have faults which will be there undoing. Edgar Allan Poe uses language in a way which provides an understanding of the true nature of the relationship between the two men. The two men are described differently, but they both have something in common; quenching the thirst for something long awaited. Poe reproduces great literary elements with eloquence, the theme of deception and revenge, is justified through the use of Irony and symbolism. â€Å"The Thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Pg.108). The first sentence sets the theme for revenge which permeates the story. An example to strengthen this belief occurs when Montresor tells Fortunato of the pipe of Amontillado which he purchased recently. Fortunato’s responds with surprise at the wine being bought during the carnival, but Montresor believes this to be another slight at his character. Montresor takes this astonishment as yet another insult and reassures himself that hisShow MoreRelatedA Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1758 Words   |  8 PagesA Psychoanalytical Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe s Use of Characterization in The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water. -From Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud s topography model of the mind explains that a person s psyche has three levels of consciousness: 1.) the conscious, which holds what a person is aware of; 2.) the preconscious, which stores thoughts and information; and 3.) the unconscious, which warehousesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Cask Of Amontillado 873 Words   |  4 Pagesfiguratively represents or stands for something else (Mays, A12). In the short story Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe uses symbolism to establish the true meaning of revenge behind this story. In short, this story is based upon an act of revenge carried out by Montresor over Fortunato. Montresor lures Fortunato into â€Å"the catacombs of the Montresors† where he carries out his plan of revenge by ultimately killing Fortunato (Poe, 109). The incorporation of precise decisions on the title, the characters namesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1912 Words   |  8 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a n American author whose writing style, full of mysteries and macabre, has fascinated generations. However, his works are more than just thrillers and morbidities. The writings of this author often contain other themes such as companionship, family bonds, longing passion, and perhaps the strongest of these is revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"Hop-Frog; or, The Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs† are two short stories that certainly demonstrate a recurring theme of revenge. PoeRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1200 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Life of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe has become America’s first literary star. His tales or short stories are popular all over the world! Poe lived an unhappy life, when people came in contact with this â€Å"saddest strangest figure in American literary history† they were aware of some of his qualities (Fagin 1). Edgar Allan’s has a complex personality. Poe excelled at creating Gothic and Horror stories. Poe works with realism in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† (Buranelli 19). Poe writes about himselfRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1018 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature. In order to accomplish this goal, the poet Edgar Allan Poe was rebellious and personal in his writing; and this explains the extraordinary creativity found throughout his work. Edgar Allan Poe had a unique and dark form writing style the mysterious style of writing showed emotion and drama. He used the themes of Gothic, death of the women he loved, and good vs. evil. These forms of writing styles are shown in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"The Raven†, and â€Å"Tell Tale Heart.† It demonstratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance of Edgar Allan Poe s style of writing, which commands the use of both death and love most frequently throughout his works, are what really made his literary works become so well known. The nature of death and on questions about the afterlife is usually Poe’s main focus in most of his literary works. A woman who has died at the height of her youth and beauty, leaving a lover behind to mourn. Death and Love, these two main themes are discussed throughout Edgar Allan Poe s literary workRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1792 Words   |  8 Pagesmind or intelligence; not to be confused with opinion or belief â€Å"(Roberts, 119). Edgar Allan Poe famously uses point of view in all of his writings. According to Gargano, â€Å"An objective narrator is telling a terrible story objectively might be frightening, but even more frightening is a man telling without emotion the story of his own terrible crime†(Gargano, 52). In Poe’s story stories: â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"Black Cat†, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† he usesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: Irony in The Cask o f Amontillado by Amelia TibbettRead MoreThe Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe1490 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s Short Stories Edgar Allan Poe is a much known author. He is known for writing dark and mysterious stories and poems. â€Å"His imaginative storytelling led to literary innovations, earning him the nickname Father of the Detective Story (Edgar Allan Poe Biography.com). When writing stories he wanted the readers to have that one emotion or feeling when reading his writing. Poe has very many stories he is known for two of those short stories being; â€Å"The Oval Portrait† and â€Å"The Cask ofRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pagescommitted the perfect murder in just such a tale, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of the narrator in his famous horror story . Upon examining Edgar Allan Poe’s life, one is not surprised that he chooses to write

My Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning - 1603 Words

When asked to write my philosophy of education down on paper, I began thinking how difficult it is to tell someone my exact beliefs because I noticed such a variation in them. There are many things that factor into my philosophy, but throughout life, with new experiences come new beliefs. I have, however, compiled my beliefs about teaching and learning, students, knowledge, and what is worth knowing. These are the beliefs that have shaped me thus far as a student and through my experiences in working in an elementary school. I am sure my beliefs will continue to change and shape my values in my journey of becoming a teacher. There are several factors that affect my belief about teaching and learning. First of all, I believe a teacher†¦show more content†¦Each individual student learns and processes differently, and at different paces. Society wants a well-rounded student who can contribute to everyday life and the working world. A high school diploma meant that the graduate was proficient in basic academic subjects and ready for the workplace. As our population increases, the expectations for school also increase. As culture changes the family structure, society expects schools to teach students more than the basic reading, writing, and arithmetic. The role of school can greatly increase a student s outlook on life and ability to achieve. However, without participation from parents and society, the child is not going to have the ability to be truly well rounded. The teacher should also be a caring and nurturing person. For examples, teachers should let the students know that he or she believes in them. Children need to be encouraged to do their best. Also, different students have different needs. In order to be effective, teachers must be able to adapt to these needs and changes quickly and allow differentiation n o matter race or nationality. Even with the teacher serving as a caring initiator, the students should not run the classroom. Some type of management strategies must be in place to maintain order in the classroom. The teacher should be the head of the classroom with consistent rules. He or she should be an authority

The s Theory Of Personality - 747 Words

Avoidant attachment of a male present in a romantic relationship (Male super ego and madonna-whore complex) The importance of child-parent attachment in Freud s theory of personality is best captured in his characterization of the infant-mother relationship (Richters Waters 1991, Brogaard 2015). Freud (as explained by Richters Waters 1991) described socialization as the process through which a child s natural erotic and aggressive instincts are gradually brought under the control of the superego. Freud believed that children identify with the superegos as well as the situational behaviors of their parents (Richters Waters 1991). Identification process, according to Freud, is rooted in the child s initial total dependence on†¦show more content†¦In many cases as the mother withdraws her constant attention, interaction, and affection (avoidant attachment) the boy responds by acquiring the role the mother by becoming his own source of support and comfort (Richters Waters 1991). â€Å"In Freud s terms, the child gives up the mother as a love object, and incorporates her in his superego (ego ideal)† (Richters Waters 199, 3) A subgroup of men with an avoidant attachment style suffers from a condition known as the Madonna-whore complex ((Brogaard 2015). The avoidant attachment style is characterized by an inability to form long-term committed relationships. It is premised on fear of intimacy, rejection and abandonment that arose in early childhood as explained by Brogaard (2015). Brogaard analyzed that the complex occurs as a result of maltreatment by the mother and fear of incest as interpreted by Freud. â€Å"When a mother abandons, neglects, verbally, emotionally or physically abuses or is emotionally distant from her infant or young child, the child feels so hurt that he will eventually repress many of the memories associated with the mother’s behavior.†(Brogaard 2015). For management of traumatic childhood experiences, the avoidant child will stay away from intimacy and situations that can cause the memories and the negative emotions to reappear (Brogaard 2015). However as explained by Brogaard (2015), subconsciously the child will be looking for

Benefits of the University Model Free Essays

In Stephen Joel Tractenberg article, † Education Is Not a Luxury† (p. 211-216) states his argument that our current school calendar does a disservice to both students and teachers. Tractenberg conveys that even though this last century has seen an incredible renovation in our society, there is an agrarian calendar that dominates our education that was complimentary in times of agrarian society when school was only an option part time for most Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of the University Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our educating the youth is not considered a necessity and in our society today and time of luxury and we take this extra (crucial) time for granted, but we maintain a calendar that reflects up to ten thousand years ago. Tractenberg also states that we will never take school seriously if we operate an ancient agrarian calendar. I agree with the Tractenberg and his promotion of the university model calendar to replace the agrarian calendar. Replacing the agrarian calendar means a fulltime student, will take school more seriously. It will define school as a job and will prepare students for college. With the agrarian calendar removed from the system students can have more time to thoroughly learn everything that is meant to teach to the students and have more time to talk to teachers during office hours. Stephen has a friend who disagrees with sex education â€Å"One of the problems, he said, was that the schools were doing things that they should not be doing teaching sex and drugs and driver’s education, as he put it. These things, he pointed out, should be the business of Maan. 2 the family† Sexual education is very important to learn in school and prepares students for the adult world, and is something that is not taught by all families to the students. I had learned things in sex education that my conservative family had not taught me or ever will. Some schools may not have the time to teach this subject without compromising time for other subjects. He states that we should lengthen the school year to have more time subjects that are academic and afterschool help for students who need it by proposing the extension of time â€Å"I’ve been suggesting, by lengthening the school year, say, to eleven months, and the school day from 9 to 5, or a full shift, whatever the starting and quitting times may be. This, I think, would have a number of benefits. † He goes on and says that teacher are permitted more prep time and students get explore extra-curricular activities in their favor. I agree with his strategy and I believe it makes efficient use of time and students will be able learn everything thoroughly and a 9-5 schedule will make school a first priority. I believe with this new schedule students will be better prepared for college. The type of schedule he proposes gets students ready for the endeavors of college because it is in fact a university model. He goes on by saying, â€Å"What I am proposing may look very much like the university model. That’s exactly what it is. Universities, like schools, are driven by their double missions of learning and service. But universities are also driven by the compelling need to be efficient† He goes on about the cost of an idle school building and how it can be utilized after school hours and I believe it’s a convincing idea. He also supports his University model by saying. â€Å"applying the university model to schools would help to create what university administrators like me spend a lot of time and effort doing—promoting an atmosphere of learning† I agree with his conclusion and he further strengthens this by admitting that school boys and girls do not feel like school is their real occupation. This is true for many high school students, they don’t see the potential in their education and don’t realize how unprepared they are for college with a short schedule. I remember my first full load of college I almost flunked every class because I was almost spoiled with high school schedule I was still adjusted to. Introducing the university model to students not yet in university will greatly prepare them and they go into universities with confidence in their success as new student because they have become accustomed to this schedule. Tractenberg explains further reasoning as to why longer hours will be beneficial to students and teachers and goes into the expanded offerings the much needed extra time can bring. He further goes on by supporting his augment by saying, â€Å"It is dismaying to me that many students come to us without any training in foreign languages, or that only a couple of languages, typically Spanish and French, were offered to them; they were offered no classics, no Russian, no Arabic, no Asian languages. I could say the same about other subjects, including art istory, advanced math, and so on. The result, in any case, is a deficit. † This is a matter of concern and putting the extra time into expanded offerings can help learn these subject thoroughly and not just a brief overview of the subject. In order to learn these subjects thoroughly, time outside of school will be needed with our agrarian schedules. The extra time will also allow student to ask teachers for outside help and in my college classes I found emailing my teachers to be a very useful tool and it has made me a better student. He further goes on and supports the occupation of teaching and conveys to us that creating a full time schedule will create future teachers. He promotes this idea by questioning the readers by asking, â€Å"Are our teachers better at their professions because they work at other jobs during the summer—often menial jobs with trivial pay and befits? Would our youngsters be better off learning from teachers who devote their full effort to teaching rather than scrabbling for a living? † This means the teachers get the chance of full time job and the pay they deserve. I notice when I do very well in a class without much effort, it is because I have a passionate teacher who loves her/his job. Tractenberg concludes his augment by saying, â€Å"education is not a luxury for subsistence farmers but a box full of tools for a lifetime, an endless series of points of departure, and a full-time joy†. With the evolution of our society changing so should our schedules. We are no longer the agrarian society we once were and Tractenberg gives an efficient university model we can use to match the present time needs of students. School is not a luxury , it is a necessity we can afford that prepares us for the future. How to cite Benefits of the University Model, Papers

Stanford Encyclopedia of Ineffability Philosophy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stanford Encyclopedia of Ineffability Philosophy. Answer: Introduction: Many arguments have arisen in the question of which philosophical theory best explains the proceeds of the world as we see and know it. The question of adequate knowledge to explain the world is an unending one. Many philosophers have so far tried to explain the kind of notion that best describes the understanding of the world. Among these many theories are the concepts of qualia and the physicalism thesis. This essay therefore is set out to explain, among other things, the canonical concept of a quale as propagated by Clarence Irving Lewis to decipher the reason behind his motivation to introduce the concept, to outline the consequences of Raffmans argument to the physicalism thesis and concept of qualia, and to deduce if this argument was successful. The widely accepted canonical concept of a quale is Clarence Irving Lewiss explanation of the subjectivity of our minds. Born in April 12, 1883 at Stoneham, Massachusetts, Clarence Irving (C.I.) Lewis was one of the most important American academic philosophers. He made most of his phenomenal advances in the 1930s and 1940s. His contributions brought a massive revolution in the fields of epistemology, logic and ethics, affected by his prowess in his various publications and in his influence reflected in his students work. He prides himself in works that manifested the sole aim of philosophy that is to decipher the criteria or principles of the real, the right, the beautiful, and the logically vivid (Lewis, 1929, Chp. 1) which are reciprocated in the various human experiences and activity. His undying determination made him a widely renowned philosopher greatly acclaimed for his inspiring and revolutionary, not to mention, legendary pieces of work demonstrated in his many books. I. Lewis introduced one of the most common theories in philosophy that is the concept of qualia. This concept still causes hot debates in modern philosophy as an attempt to explain how we create and engage perceptional knowledge. He obtained his motivation for introducing the concept of a quale from the need to fully understand and appreciate the proceeds of logic. He had made advances in explaining the basis behind logic and perceptual knowledge and in the course of his discoveries; he wanted to distinguish among the three elements of perceptual knowledge. This was in an attempt to explain the thin line that separates reality from hallucinations: objects objectivity from object subjectivity. His outline elements of perceptual knowledge included: the given or immediate data sense, the act of interpreting the given as an experience of one sort of things as opposed to another, and the concept by which we so interpret the given by relating it to other possibilities of experience (Lewis, 1929, 37-8). He hence devised the concept of quale as an explanation to the three elements of perceptual knowledge. The canonical concept of quale propagated by C.I. Lewis explains that the way we view objects in reality is not necessarily the same as mental picture and sense we associate the object with. This implies that although we all see objects in the world as similar in terms of the physical characteristics, we do not share the same view and perception on the nature of the object. This variation in the perception of a single object is brought about by the counterfactual statements that we harbor in our minds about the experiences we had with the object (Lewis 1929, 142). This is to mean that our actions and reaction while we were in contact with an object is what shapes our perception of the object and not the objectivity, or the physical characteristic of the object (Lewis 1948, 180, 208). This is an opposing concept to physicalism that tends to propagate that the nature of an object in the mental and physical state is the same (Kim, 2011). Physicalism is basically an ontological view in philosophy that relates to the materialistic nature of items in the world (Bennett and McLaughlin, 2011). It makes no reference to the virtual word that is built on perceptions but hypothesizes that the world has only one dimension, the physical (Chalmers, 1996). The concept of quale disputes this one-angle view of the world by introducing the perception knowledge built on the description and recognition of objects using memory like experiences with the object that is or are the qualia(Thomas, ). This concept also almost coincides with the aspects of supervenience physicalism that places mental interpretations of the physical world and the actual physical world to be asymmetrically the same with the mental being effected and pre-determined by the physical (Armstrong, 1968). Often in describing our experience with an object, the statements we make in different environments vary. This is because the experience was shaped by various environmental aspects such as the perception we had about the lighting of the place as we came into contact with the object. However, every experience with one object would be characterized by a qualitative character of an object that does not seem to change in many individuals experiences. This widely repeated character in different experiences is universal and often presented as a factual statement even in the varying environments and experiences. These counterfactual statements are what make up and define a quale (Lewis, 1929, 121). Lewis hypothesized that for starters, qualia are the most basic components of sense-data, the key element and determinant of the proceeds of perception (Tye, 2015). Hence, they are centered on the sense data theory that implores that qualia cannot bring one into contact with the physical object but only the experience of being in close proximity of the object (Jackson, 1977). This derives from the properties of sense data that are the kind of things we are directly aware of in perception; they are dependent on the mind and have properties that perceptually appear to us (Johnston, 2004). These qualia are homogeneous, simple and subjective and as such cannot be the sources of any errors or mistaken predictions unlike the objectivity of an object that is characteristic of the realistic deductions. This is because of the ineffability nature of these qualia. Two individuals might get the physical characteristics of an object right but mentally their description of the objects did rely on two very different qualia. This is to say that, qualia as perceived by two individuals might be very different but they do not alter the knowledge of the physical characteristics, that is, the objectivity of an object as it is perceived in real life (Lewis, 1929, 124). This makes them private too as we cannot discern the thoughts of another person. One limitation of Lewiss concept of qualia is the use of short-cuts in language. Although individuals might perceive an object with universal characteristics reflected in the qualia, they might give wrong interpretation of the objective properties of the object by way of the choice of words that they use. This is to mean that interpretation of the objective characteristics of an object cannot entirely rely on qualia as qualia is purely subjective (Lewis, 1929, 124). In light of the Lewiss concept of qualia and the thesis of physicalism, many arguments and counter theories have been made at an attempt to dispute these two theories (Hawthorne, 103-113). Of interest for this essay are the consequences that Diana Raffmans argument has for both Lewiss concept of qualia and on physicalism. Raffman argued that physicalism was not enough an explanation of the nature and dimensions of the world. This argument was brought forth by the intuition that being in possession of physical information is not enough information. This implies that physicalism leaves out a great deal of information about the world, mainly as is experienced in the states of mind. This is depicted in Freds and Marys stories. Mary, despite having all the physical information of the world acquired from the study of the world from black and white television set, her experience of the world from its reality and from the colored television set was wanting. On exposure to the real world from the black and white room, she learned new things and new aspects of the world that physical information could not provide. The same applies to Freds story in which, until his death, scientist could not actually say that they knew everything about Fred as the study of his anatomy and physiology gave just enough physical information but left out the biggest part that is the king of experience that he had from perceiving the different shades of red1 and red2 colors (Frank, 1950). The consequence of Raffmans argument on the thesis of physicalism is that it discredits this theory as a complete explanation and view of the world and its dimension. Physicalism explores the world as consisting of the physical world only leaving the perceptual world ignored. The explanation of the world cannot be termed complete without the exploration of the experiences we have in this world. Physicalism fails to remove the concept of qualia. Therefore, I tend to agree with the intuition that physicalism leaves out various aspects of the real world that cannot be explained to anyone else. I agree with Jackson that Mary did learn something new on release from the black and white room into the real world. It is also evident that there was something about Fred that even scientific experiments could not decipher. This was his experience on perceiving the two colors. The two cases are not at all different as they point out the deficiency and limitation of the physicalists thesis on phys icalism and physical information. The discrediting of materialism is further achieved by Laurence Nemirow Ability Hypothesis that states that, some modes of understanding consist, not in the grasping of facts, but in the acquisition of abilities (David, 1997, 591). Lewis depicts that experiencing the actual feel of the experience gives one the knowledge how and basically watching one doing something gives you the knowledge that. For example, watching your mother cut onions gives you the knowledge that as was acquired by Mary by simply studying the world from the television and is the knowledge acquired from the physical information propagated by physicalism: knowledge that. Getting to cut the onions yourself gives you the knowledge how that is basically left out in the physical information obtain in observations. This feeling constitutes an important part of consciousness and hence necessary for the explanation of the world. As much as Raffman is openly not a fun of physicalism, she is also not entirely for the concept of qualia. In her argument, she presents the differentiation problem as a major setback on Lewiss concept of qualia (Raffman, 1995). She states that qualia depend largely on memory of perception that is not fine. This course-grained nature of the human memory limits the extent to which one can relate objects in reality based on the qualia they perceive. Therefore, while for example participating in a neuroscience experiment to try and identify the neural correlates of subtle experiences of emotions, the course-grained nature of the memory proves to be the major setback as one cannot finely pin-point to one particular experience in their mind. This is mainly because qualia are subjective and objects are objective as explained by C. I. Lewis. This can further be explained by the statistics that in a population, the quale about the appearance of an object could be a sign of different objectiv e properties and different qualia may be the sign of the same objective property. This implies that a single physical property of an object can be described by many qualia inferences and that one quale or mental representation of an object can decipher tons of physical characteristics of that object. The consequence of Raffmans argument on the concept of qualia is that it made the proceeds of qualia appear insufficient in explaining the mental experiences and how they are exactly correlated with the physical world as it was limited by the human memory that very forgetful and cannot exactly and correctly place an experience with the physical word. I agree with Raffmans argument to dispute the proceeds of physicalism. Physicalism only does not bring out the mental experience in explaining any subject whatsoever. It is deviant of the mental state obtained from key aspects relayed in the senses. This makes the consideration of physical information as enough to describe he world inappropriate. Despite the fact the mental state and consciousness have to be involved in the explanation of the proceeds of the world to give full and competent explanation of the world. This topic too has its limitation. One of the limitations is in describing the fine experience associated with and object as the state of mind relies heavily on the memory that is insufficient and course grained. Therefore, Raffmans argument is effective and successful as it pin-points practical shortcomings of the concept of qualia and the physicalism thesis. Work cited Armstrong, D. A Materialist Theory of the Mind, London: Routledge, 1968 Bennett, K. and McLaughlin, B. 2011. Supervenience in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. E. Zalta Edition Chalmers, D. 1996. The Conscious Mind. New York: Oxford University Press Clarence Irving Lewis. The Knowledge of Objects (excerpt) In Mind and the World-order: Outline of a Theory of Knowledge. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1929. 37-7, 121, 142 Clarence Irving Lewis. Professor Chisholm and Empiricm. The Journal of Philosophy, 45: 517-24. Reprinted in Lewis (1970), 108-208 Diana Raffman. On the Persistence of Phenomenology, in Thomas Metzingers Conscious Experience. Imprint Academic Schoningh, 1995. 293-308. David Lewis. 1997. What Experience Teaches in N. Block, O.J. Flanagan and G. Guzeldere, The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. Cambridge, MIT Press: 591-595 Frank Jackson. Epiphenomenal Qualia. The Philosophical Quarterly (1950), Vol 32, No. 127 (April, 1982) 127-136. New York: Oxford University Press. Hawthorne, J. Blocking Definitions of Materiaalism. Philosophical Studies, 110(2): 103-113 Johnston, Mark. 2004. The Obscure Object of Hallucination. Philosophical Studies. 120: 113-183 Jackson, Frank. 1977. Perception: A Representative Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kim, J. 2011. What is Consciousness? Philosophy of Mind. 3rd edition. Boulder: Westview Press. Thomas Metzinger. Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity.66 Tye, M. Qualia. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2015 Fall edition. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/qualia/ Accessed on 10th May 2017

Case study week free essay sample

The one thing I liked about Kaolin was though he had many difficulties while starting up his business he was able to think in a different manner how Others might not hind and made his business successful. Kaolin inspired me through his leadership skill and the way he thought like no others would think which made realize that was put in a similar situation back home. Used to do the accounts of my friends business and he used to tell me how the business is going and asked for help because the business was going in a loss.He was and still is the leading karate institute in ABA Dhabi, IS. A. E and is one of the first karate institute to open up in LLC. A. E. When I learned more about his business I understood why was the company going ender loss, they had never increased the price of the services they provided since 2004 so I told him to increase the price same as the other karate institutes in the locality. We will write a custom essay sample on Case study week or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It wasnt easy to just one fine day increase the price so I suggested that we can do a survey in which we ask for his students suggestions.Surprisingly the students said that this is the only institute that ask for suck low price for the services they provide and they told that they would be willing to pay more because they were the best in the whole of ABA Dhabi. As a result of the suggestion he was able to bring it back to profit and penned 3 new branches more. Like Kaolin was able to think differently and was able to help my friend. Kaolin had a variety of ideas regarding exporting; his friend suggested an idea which involved exporting overseas made in Europe junk cars.Kaolin did his research and found out that the idea suggested by his friend was expensive. As a result of his Bulgarian culture Kaolin came up with the idea of importing cheese and he concluded that this product can sell itself in some communities. With this idea he went to many investors seeking to finance his business idea and decided to work by himself after receiving no help from NY investors. After he decided to start up the business by himself, he received financial help from his family and friends.With this help he was able to make his first order of cheese. Kaolin was running the business and living on credit cards and didnt had the required money for his first investment. According to me if he had told me that he was going to start this business I would have asked him to reconsider because a part of his initial shipment got ruined and he lost his storage facility. This business has a great scope and opportunity after he decides upon product line expansion, website creation ND earning more money out of the business.It is very impressive how he started his business from nothing to something and am very sure that he will pay of his debts with friends. Considering that he sells his cheese now for $2 per pound he will gradually be able to increase the price because by that time he will have loyal customers for his brand who will buy it even if the price is a bit high. According to me if he wants to expand his business he can do so by gradually increasing the price of the product which will help him expand and pay off his loan quickly.