Benefits of the University Model Free Essays

In Stephen Joel Tractenberg article, † Education Is Not a Luxury† (p. 211-216) states his argument that our current school calendar does a disservice to both students and teachers. Tractenberg conveys that even though this last century has seen an incredible renovation in our society, there is an agrarian calendar that dominates our education that was complimentary in times of agrarian society when school was only an option part time for most Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of the University Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our educating the youth is not considered a necessity and in our society today and time of luxury and we take this extra (crucial) time for granted, but we maintain a calendar that reflects up to ten thousand years ago. Tractenberg also states that we will never take school seriously if we operate an ancient agrarian calendar. I agree with the Tractenberg and his promotion of the university model calendar to replace the agrarian calendar. Replacing the agrarian calendar means a fulltime student, will take school more seriously. It will define school as a job and will prepare students for college. With the agrarian calendar removed from the system students can have more time to thoroughly learn everything that is meant to teach to the students and have more time to talk to teachers during office hours. Stephen has a friend who disagrees with sex education â€Å"One of the problems, he said, was that the schools were doing things that they should not be doing teaching sex and drugs and driver’s education, as he put it. These things, he pointed out, should be the business of Maan. 2 the family† Sexual education is very important to learn in school and prepares students for the adult world, and is something that is not taught by all families to the students. I had learned things in sex education that my conservative family had not taught me or ever will. Some schools may not have the time to teach this subject without compromising time for other subjects. He states that we should lengthen the school year to have more time subjects that are academic and afterschool help for students who need it by proposing the extension of time â€Å"I’ve been suggesting, by lengthening the school year, say, to eleven months, and the school day from 9 to 5, or a full shift, whatever the starting and quitting times may be. This, I think, would have a number of benefits. † He goes on and says that teacher are permitted more prep time and students get explore extra-curricular activities in their favor. I agree with his strategy and I believe it makes efficient use of time and students will be able learn everything thoroughly and a 9-5 schedule will make school a first priority. I believe with this new schedule students will be better prepared for college. The type of schedule he proposes gets students ready for the endeavors of college because it is in fact a university model. He goes on by saying, â€Å"What I am proposing may look very much like the university model. That’s exactly what it is. Universities, like schools, are driven by their double missions of learning and service. But universities are also driven by the compelling need to be efficient† He goes on about the cost of an idle school building and how it can be utilized after school hours and I believe it’s a convincing idea. He also supports his University model by saying. â€Å"applying the university model to schools would help to create what university administrators like me spend a lot of time and effort doing—promoting an atmosphere of learning† I agree with his conclusion and he further strengthens this by admitting that school boys and girls do not feel like school is their real occupation. This is true for many high school students, they don’t see the potential in their education and don’t realize how unprepared they are for college with a short schedule. I remember my first full load of college I almost flunked every class because I was almost spoiled with high school schedule I was still adjusted to. Introducing the university model to students not yet in university will greatly prepare them and they go into universities with confidence in their success as new student because they have become accustomed to this schedule. Tractenberg explains further reasoning as to why longer hours will be beneficial to students and teachers and goes into the expanded offerings the much needed extra time can bring. He further goes on by supporting his augment by saying, â€Å"It is dismaying to me that many students come to us without any training in foreign languages, or that only a couple of languages, typically Spanish and French, were offered to them; they were offered no classics, no Russian, no Arabic, no Asian languages. I could say the same about other subjects, including art istory, advanced math, and so on. The result, in any case, is a deficit. † This is a matter of concern and putting the extra time into expanded offerings can help learn these subject thoroughly and not just a brief overview of the subject. In order to learn these subjects thoroughly, time outside of school will be needed with our agrarian schedules. The extra time will also allow student to ask teachers for outside help and in my college classes I found emailing my teachers to be a very useful tool and it has made me a better student. He further goes on and supports the occupation of teaching and conveys to us that creating a full time schedule will create future teachers. He promotes this idea by questioning the readers by asking, â€Å"Are our teachers better at their professions because they work at other jobs during the summer—often menial jobs with trivial pay and befits? Would our youngsters be better off learning from teachers who devote their full effort to teaching rather than scrabbling for a living? † This means the teachers get the chance of full time job and the pay they deserve. I notice when I do very well in a class without much effort, it is because I have a passionate teacher who loves her/his job. Tractenberg concludes his augment by saying, â€Å"education is not a luxury for subsistence farmers but a box full of tools for a lifetime, an endless series of points of departure, and a full-time joy†. With the evolution of our society changing so should our schedules. We are no longer the agrarian society we once were and Tractenberg gives an efficient university model we can use to match the present time needs of students. School is not a luxury , it is a necessity we can afford that prepares us for the future. How to cite Benefits of the University Model, Papers

Stanford Encyclopedia of Ineffability Philosophy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stanford Encyclopedia of Ineffability Philosophy. Answer: Introduction: Many arguments have arisen in the question of which philosophical theory best explains the proceeds of the world as we see and know it. The question of adequate knowledge to explain the world is an unending one. Many philosophers have so far tried to explain the kind of notion that best describes the understanding of the world. Among these many theories are the concepts of qualia and the physicalism thesis. This essay therefore is set out to explain, among other things, the canonical concept of a quale as propagated by Clarence Irving Lewis to decipher the reason behind his motivation to introduce the concept, to outline the consequences of Raffmans argument to the physicalism thesis and concept of qualia, and to deduce if this argument was successful. The widely accepted canonical concept of a quale is Clarence Irving Lewiss explanation of the subjectivity of our minds. Born in April 12, 1883 at Stoneham, Massachusetts, Clarence Irving (C.I.) Lewis was one of the most important American academic philosophers. He made most of his phenomenal advances in the 1930s and 1940s. His contributions brought a massive revolution in the fields of epistemology, logic and ethics, affected by his prowess in his various publications and in his influence reflected in his students work. He prides himself in works that manifested the sole aim of philosophy that is to decipher the criteria or principles of the real, the right, the beautiful, and the logically vivid (Lewis, 1929, Chp. 1) which are reciprocated in the various human experiences and activity. His undying determination made him a widely renowned philosopher greatly acclaimed for his inspiring and revolutionary, not to mention, legendary pieces of work demonstrated in his many books. I. Lewis introduced one of the most common theories in philosophy that is the concept of qualia. This concept still causes hot debates in modern philosophy as an attempt to explain how we create and engage perceptional knowledge. He obtained his motivation for introducing the concept of a quale from the need to fully understand and appreciate the proceeds of logic. He had made advances in explaining the basis behind logic and perceptual knowledge and in the course of his discoveries; he wanted to distinguish among the three elements of perceptual knowledge. This was in an attempt to explain the thin line that separates reality from hallucinations: objects objectivity from object subjectivity. His outline elements of perceptual knowledge included: the given or immediate data sense, the act of interpreting the given as an experience of one sort of things as opposed to another, and the concept by which we so interpret the given by relating it to other possibilities of experience (Lewis, 1929, 37-8). He hence devised the concept of quale as an explanation to the three elements of perceptual knowledge. The canonical concept of quale propagated by C.I. Lewis explains that the way we view objects in reality is not necessarily the same as mental picture and sense we associate the object with. This implies that although we all see objects in the world as similar in terms of the physical characteristics, we do not share the same view and perception on the nature of the object. This variation in the perception of a single object is brought about by the counterfactual statements that we harbor in our minds about the experiences we had with the object (Lewis 1929, 142). This is to mean that our actions and reaction while we were in contact with an object is what shapes our perception of the object and not the objectivity, or the physical characteristic of the object (Lewis 1948, 180, 208). This is an opposing concept to physicalism that tends to propagate that the nature of an object in the mental and physical state is the same (Kim, 2011). Physicalism is basically an ontological view in philosophy that relates to the materialistic nature of items in the world (Bennett and McLaughlin, 2011). It makes no reference to the virtual word that is built on perceptions but hypothesizes that the world has only one dimension, the physical (Chalmers, 1996). The concept of quale disputes this one-angle view of the world by introducing the perception knowledge built on the description and recognition of objects using memory like experiences with the object that is or are the qualia(Thomas, ). This concept also almost coincides with the aspects of supervenience physicalism that places mental interpretations of the physical world and the actual physical world to be asymmetrically the same with the mental being effected and pre-determined by the physical (Armstrong, 1968). Often in describing our experience with an object, the statements we make in different environments vary. This is because the experience was shaped by various environmental aspects such as the perception we had about the lighting of the place as we came into contact with the object. However, every experience with one object would be characterized by a qualitative character of an object that does not seem to change in many individuals experiences. This widely repeated character in different experiences is universal and often presented as a factual statement even in the varying environments and experiences. These counterfactual statements are what make up and define a quale (Lewis, 1929, 121). Lewis hypothesized that for starters, qualia are the most basic components of sense-data, the key element and determinant of the proceeds of perception (Tye, 2015). Hence, they are centered on the sense data theory that implores that qualia cannot bring one into contact with the physical object but only the experience of being in close proximity of the object (Jackson, 1977). This derives from the properties of sense data that are the kind of things we are directly aware of in perception; they are dependent on the mind and have properties that perceptually appear to us (Johnston, 2004). These qualia are homogeneous, simple and subjective and as such cannot be the sources of any errors or mistaken predictions unlike the objectivity of an object that is characteristic of the realistic deductions. This is because of the ineffability nature of these qualia. Two individuals might get the physical characteristics of an object right but mentally their description of the objects did rely on two very different qualia. This is to say that, qualia as perceived by two individuals might be very different but they do not alter the knowledge of the physical characteristics, that is, the objectivity of an object as it is perceived in real life (Lewis, 1929, 124). This makes them private too as we cannot discern the thoughts of another person. One limitation of Lewiss concept of qualia is the use of short-cuts in language. Although individuals might perceive an object with universal characteristics reflected in the qualia, they might give wrong interpretation of the objective properties of the object by way of the choice of words that they use. This is to mean that interpretation of the objective characteristics of an object cannot entirely rely on qualia as qualia is purely subjective (Lewis, 1929, 124). In light of the Lewiss concept of qualia and the thesis of physicalism, many arguments and counter theories have been made at an attempt to dispute these two theories (Hawthorne, 103-113). Of interest for this essay are the consequences that Diana Raffmans argument has for both Lewiss concept of qualia and on physicalism. Raffman argued that physicalism was not enough an explanation of the nature and dimensions of the world. This argument was brought forth by the intuition that being in possession of physical information is not enough information. This implies that physicalism leaves out a great deal of information about the world, mainly as is experienced in the states of mind. This is depicted in Freds and Marys stories. Mary, despite having all the physical information of the world acquired from the study of the world from black and white television set, her experience of the world from its reality and from the colored television set was wanting. On exposure to the real world from the black and white room, she learned new things and new aspects of the world that physical information could not provide. The same applies to Freds story in which, until his death, scientist could not actually say that they knew everything about Fred as the study of his anatomy and physiology gave just enough physical information but left out the biggest part that is the king of experience that he had from perceiving the different shades of red1 and red2 colors (Frank, 1950). The consequence of Raffmans argument on the thesis of physicalism is that it discredits this theory as a complete explanation and view of the world and its dimension. Physicalism explores the world as consisting of the physical world only leaving the perceptual world ignored. The explanation of the world cannot be termed complete without the exploration of the experiences we have in this world. Physicalism fails to remove the concept of qualia. Therefore, I tend to agree with the intuition that physicalism leaves out various aspects of the real world that cannot be explained to anyone else. I agree with Jackson that Mary did learn something new on release from the black and white room into the real world. It is also evident that there was something about Fred that even scientific experiments could not decipher. This was his experience on perceiving the two colors. The two cases are not at all different as they point out the deficiency and limitation of the physicalists thesis on phys icalism and physical information. The discrediting of materialism is further achieved by Laurence Nemirow Ability Hypothesis that states that, some modes of understanding consist, not in the grasping of facts, but in the acquisition of abilities (David, 1997, 591). Lewis depicts that experiencing the actual feel of the experience gives one the knowledge how and basically watching one doing something gives you the knowledge that. For example, watching your mother cut onions gives you the knowledge that as was acquired by Mary by simply studying the world from the television and is the knowledge acquired from the physical information propagated by physicalism: knowledge that. Getting to cut the onions yourself gives you the knowledge how that is basically left out in the physical information obtain in observations. This feeling constitutes an important part of consciousness and hence necessary for the explanation of the world. As much as Raffman is openly not a fun of physicalism, she is also not entirely for the concept of qualia. In her argument, she presents the differentiation problem as a major setback on Lewiss concept of qualia (Raffman, 1995). She states that qualia depend largely on memory of perception that is not fine. This course-grained nature of the human memory limits the extent to which one can relate objects in reality based on the qualia they perceive. Therefore, while for example participating in a neuroscience experiment to try and identify the neural correlates of subtle experiences of emotions, the course-grained nature of the memory proves to be the major setback as one cannot finely pin-point to one particular experience in their mind. This is mainly because qualia are subjective and objects are objective as explained by C. I. Lewis. This can further be explained by the statistics that in a population, the quale about the appearance of an object could be a sign of different objectiv e properties and different qualia may be the sign of the same objective property. This implies that a single physical property of an object can be described by many qualia inferences and that one quale or mental representation of an object can decipher tons of physical characteristics of that object. The consequence of Raffmans argument on the concept of qualia is that it made the proceeds of qualia appear insufficient in explaining the mental experiences and how they are exactly correlated with the physical world as it was limited by the human memory that very forgetful and cannot exactly and correctly place an experience with the physical word. I agree with Raffmans argument to dispute the proceeds of physicalism. Physicalism only does not bring out the mental experience in explaining any subject whatsoever. It is deviant of the mental state obtained from key aspects relayed in the senses. This makes the consideration of physical information as enough to describe he world inappropriate. Despite the fact the mental state and consciousness have to be involved in the explanation of the proceeds of the world to give full and competent explanation of the world. This topic too has its limitation. One of the limitations is in describing the fine experience associated with and object as the state of mind relies heavily on the memory that is insufficient and course grained. Therefore, Raffmans argument is effective and successful as it pin-points practical shortcomings of the concept of qualia and the physicalism thesis. Work cited Armstrong, D. A Materialist Theory of the Mind, London: Routledge, 1968 Bennett, K. and McLaughlin, B. 2011. Supervenience in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. E. Zalta Edition Chalmers, D. 1996. The Conscious Mind. New York: Oxford University Press Clarence Irving Lewis. The Knowledge of Objects (excerpt) In Mind and the World-order: Outline of a Theory of Knowledge. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1929. 37-7, 121, 142 Clarence Irving Lewis. Professor Chisholm and Empiricm. The Journal of Philosophy, 45: 517-24. Reprinted in Lewis (1970), 108-208 Diana Raffman. On the Persistence of Phenomenology, in Thomas Metzingers Conscious Experience. Imprint Academic Schoningh, 1995. 293-308. David Lewis. 1997. What Experience Teaches in N. Block, O.J. Flanagan and G. Guzeldere, The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. Cambridge, MIT Press: 591-595 Frank Jackson. Epiphenomenal Qualia. The Philosophical Quarterly (1950), Vol 32, No. 127 (April, 1982) 127-136. New York: Oxford University Press. Hawthorne, J. Blocking Definitions of Materiaalism. Philosophical Studies, 110(2): 103-113 Johnston, Mark. 2004. The Obscure Object of Hallucination. Philosophical Studies. 120: 113-183 Jackson, Frank. 1977. Perception: A Representative Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kim, J. 2011. What is Consciousness? Philosophy of Mind. 3rd edition. Boulder: Westview Press. Thomas Metzinger. Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity.66 Tye, M. Qualia. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2015 Fall edition. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/qualia/ Accessed on 10th May 2017

Case study week free essay sample

The one thing I liked about Kaolin was though he had many difficulties while starting up his business he was able to think in a different manner how Others might not hind and made his business successful. Kaolin inspired me through his leadership skill and the way he thought like no others would think which made realize that was put in a similar situation back home. Used to do the accounts of my friends business and he used to tell me how the business is going and asked for help because the business was going in a loss.He was and still is the leading karate institute in ABA Dhabi, IS. A. E and is one of the first karate institute to open up in LLC. A. E. When I learned more about his business I understood why was the company going ender loss, they had never increased the price of the services they provided since 2004 so I told him to increase the price same as the other karate institutes in the locality. We will write a custom essay sample on Case study week or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It wasnt easy to just one fine day increase the price so I suggested that we can do a survey in which we ask for his students suggestions.Surprisingly the students said that this is the only institute that ask for suck low price for the services they provide and they told that they would be willing to pay more because they were the best in the whole of ABA Dhabi. As a result of the suggestion he was able to bring it back to profit and penned 3 new branches more. Like Kaolin was able to think differently and was able to help my friend. Kaolin had a variety of ideas regarding exporting; his friend suggested an idea which involved exporting overseas made in Europe junk cars.Kaolin did his research and found out that the idea suggested by his friend was expensive. As a result of his Bulgarian culture Kaolin came up with the idea of importing cheese and he concluded that this product can sell itself in some communities. With this idea he went to many investors seeking to finance his business idea and decided to work by himself after receiving no help from NY investors. After he decided to start up the business by himself, he received financial help from his family and friends.With this help he was able to make his first order of cheese. Kaolin was running the business and living on credit cards and didnt had the required money for his first investment. According to me if he had told me that he was going to start this business I would have asked him to reconsider because a part of his initial shipment got ruined and he lost his storage facility. This business has a great scope and opportunity after he decides upon product line expansion, website creation ND earning more money out of the business.It is very impressive how he started his business from nothing to something and am very sure that he will pay of his debts with friends. Considering that he sells his cheese now for $2 per pound he will gradually be able to increase the price because by that time he will have loyal customers for his brand who will buy it even if the price is a bit high. According to me if he wants to expand his business he can do so by gradually increasing the price of the product which will help him expand and pay off his loan quickly.

What Are The Main Features Of The Basel Iii And How Do They Differ From Basel Ii

Introduction The member states of the Group of twenty (G20) in 2010 certified Basel III framework which aimed at increasing the quality and quantity of capital that banks should have. Basel III replaced Basel I and II after they seemed to be collapsing under the pressure of the financial crisis in various countries (Gromova-Schneider Niziolek 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Main Features Of The Basel Iii And How Do They Differ From Basel Ii specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regulatory institutions are given the authority to have a large-scale-prudential approach in ensuring that Basel III re-establishes better quality liquidity and capital (Lyngen 2012). The purpose of this paper is to examine the key features of Basel III and how it varies from Basel II. Features of Basel III This section focuses on the main features of Basel III and their components which the committee has put forward to ena ble financial institutions to combat the financial crisis. The first feature is concerned with increasing the quality and quantity of capital (Walker 2011). Three stages will be used to advance the value, precision as well as the stability of Capital bases. The first stage involves efforts to stabilise ordinary shares in addition to increasing common shares and the earnings that are retained. The second stage involves harmonising capital instruments and the final tier is concerned with eliminating capital. The second feature is the establishment of additional buffers (Walker 2011).The committee proposes the following approaches to be used to reinforce the coverage of any threats to bank assets, counterparty credit risk and management of market integration. Lastly, capital requirements for counterparty must be reinforced in addition to raising the capital buffer that supports this coverage. The third feature of Basel III is the introduction of Leverage ratio as an added appraisal of Basel II risk based structures. The leverage ration is intended to establish a base to build up leverage in the banking industry, increase efforts to strengthen against model risk. And inaccurate measurement by supplementing the risk based measure with a simplified standard founded on gross exposures (Lyngen 2012). The Fourth feature is managing Counterparty risks by promoting countercyclical buffers. This is also proposed in Basel III as a strategy to advance the build up of capital buffers in appropriate periods which can be relied upon during periods of crisis.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Countercyclical would be advanced through the following means reducing surplus cyclicality of the least amount of capital prerequisite as well as advancing provisions that aim at capital stability in the future (Gromova-Schneider Niziolek 2011). The fourth element is also concerned with efforts to amass a vast amount of information and data over time which can be of help in determining the likelihood of defaulting as had been envisaged in Basel II. The banking industry must also provide support to banks to carry out stress tests so that they develop proper mechanisms to address crises. The Fifth feature involves improving liquidity. Here, the committee has advanced a world wide approach for internationally active banks to achieve the least standard of liquidity (Delahaye 2011). The committee held that banks internationally will be able to borrow more during periods of stress and crises. The Sixth feature deals with the SIFIs or the too big to fail institutions. The committee recognises the fact that these institutions are a threat to other banks in the banking industry (Walker 2011). As a result of this realisation, the committee links with the financial stability board which was also established by G20 to advance several strategies that can be used to address issues in the SIFIs. Such approaches include tighter large exposure restrictions, mandatory recovery and resolution plans. All these features are to be considered during the implementation of Basel III. The differences between Basel III and Basel II The main difference between Basel II and Basel III is the increase in the capital buffer by setting up the minimum quality and quantity of Capital which internationally active banks must have in their possession (Danila 2012). This is evident in the features discussed above since, they all intend to address the issue of ensuring that banks are stable and can survive during periods of stress or financial crises. Basel III expands on the explanations of fliers and provides a clear understanding of capital as an asset to guard against unforeseeable future conditions.Therefore, Basel III adopts these strategies and emphasises on them through the features discussed above to ensure banks have a sustained growth even during times of crises.Adv ertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Are The Main Features Of The Basel Iii And How Do They Differ From Basel Ii specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Basel III is a framework that was developed to put in operation the components of Basel II in addition to helping banks expand the base for sustainability in the banking industry. This is a relevant step since banks have suffered in times of crises and such effects are always transferred to customers. Customers may move to more secure banks and this may have greater impact on the survival of the banks they leave. It is therefore appropriate for a framework to be developed to aid such banks against collapsing specifically during times of stress. This is what Basel III intends to do. References Danila, O 2012, ‘Impact and Limitations Deriving from Basel II within the Context of the Current Financial Crisis’, Theoretical Applied Economics, Little, B rown and Company, NY. Delahaye, B. P 2011, Basel III: Capital Adequacy and Liquidity After The Financial Crisis / Bernd P. Delahaye, World Scientific, London. Gromova-Schneider, A, Niziolek, C 2011, ‘The Road to Basel III — Quantitative Impact Study, the Basel III Framework and Implementation in the EU’, Financial Stability Report (Oesterreichische Nationalbank), Cengage Learning, UK. Lyngen, N 2012 ‘Basel III: Dynamics of State Implementation’, Harvard International Law Journal, vol. 53, pp 519. Web. Walker, G.A 2011, ‘Basel III market and regulatory compromise’, Banking Regulation, vol. 20 no. 1, pp. 53-69.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on What Are The Main Features Of The Basel Iii And How Do They Differ From Basel Ii was written and submitted by user Deborah Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Pronounce the Name of Taiwanese Politician Tsai Ing-wen

How to Pronounce the Name of Taiwanese Politician Tsai Ing-wen In this article, we will look at how to pronounce the name of the president Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡), which in Hanyu Pinyin would be written Ci YÄ «ngwà ©n. Since most students use Hanyu Pinyin for pronunciation, we  will henceforth use that, although the notes about pronunciation are of course relevant regardless of system. Ci YÄ «ngwà ©n was elected president of Taiwan on Jan. 16, 2016. And yes, her personal name means English, as in the language this article is written in. Below are some easy instructions if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then we’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing Names in Chinese Pronouncing can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard, even if you have.  Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. Easy Instructions for Pronouncing Cai Yingwen Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in many cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Cai - Pronounce as ts in hats plus eyeYing - Pronounce as Eng in EnglishWen - Pronounce as when If you want to have a go at the tones, they are falling, high-flat and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin (though it is reasonably close). It represents an attempt to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to Actually Pronounce Cai Yingwen If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: Cai  (fourth tone) - Her family name is by far the hardest part of the name. c in Pinyin is an affricate, which means that it is a stop sound (a t-sound) followed by a fricative (an s-sound). I used ts in hats above, which is sort of okay, but will lead to a sound that is not aspirated enough. To get that right, you should add a considerable puff of air afterward. If you hold your hand a few inches from your mouth, you should feel the air hitting your hand. The final is okay and is pretty close to eye.Ying  (first tone) - As you have probably guessed already, this syllable was chosen to represent England and thereby English because they do sound quite similar. The i (which is spelt yi here) in Mandarin is pronounced with the tongue closer to the upper teeth than in English. Its as far up and forward you can go, basically. It can almost sound like a soft j at times. The final can have an optional short schwa (as in English the). To get the right -ng, let your jaw drop and your ton gue withdraw. Wen (second tone) - This syllable seldom clauses problem for learners once they sort the spelling (its uen but since its the beginning of the word, its spelt wen). It is actually very close to English when.  Its worth pointing out that some English dialects have an audible h, which should not be present here. It should also be noted that some native speakers of Mandarin reduce the final to sound more like un than en, but this is not the standardized way of pronouncing it. English when is closer. The are some variations for these sounds, but Cai Yingwen/Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡) can be written like this in IPA: tsÊ °ai jiÅ‹ wÉ™n Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learned the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

An evaluation of the ethics program of an organization, Assignment

An evaluation of the ethics program of an organization, - Assignment Example Discussion Background of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is one of the branded American multinational retail players that operate numerous departmental stores as well as warehouse stores offering high level of discounts in varied items. It came into existence in the year 1962 by Walten Brothers in Arkansas. However, it became the popular among the public from the year 1970. Since then, it has created an image of presenting valuable products at an effective price. So, it holds the second largest position, as per Fortune Global 500 companies. As a result Wal-Mart became successful in creating a worthy image of presenting the products at lowest price to live a better life. So, it is voted as one of the most admired company in the market among others. Being headquartered in Arkansas, it operates successfully in more than over 8970 locations as the largest grocery retailer. However, in different locations, it works with different names but their goal is common, i.e. ‘to save money and live a bett er life’. So, Wal-Mart includes a high level of brand image and reputation in the segment of hypermarket or supermarkets or departmental stores as compared to many other rivals. ... In order to do so, the management of Wal-Mart joined hands with various NGO’s, government leaders as well as other retailers. With the help of such co-operations, the management aims to enhance the working conditions as well as the living standards of the workers in a significant way. This helps in enhancing the power of excellence and motivation of the workers, entirely responsible for producing the products for which varied types of measures are implemented such as: Promoting safety and security within the supply chain functions - in order to improve the safety and security of the supply chain, varied types of policies are implemented like zero tolerance policy. Side by side, the management also tried to maintain transparency with its contractors and terminated all the unauthorised ones. Such type of decisions proved effective for the organization as well as its employees. Safety from fire - in order to reduce the risk of fire, barred windows and doors that mainly existed on the staircases were shifted so that the fire may not spread more vividly. Moreover, all the doors and buildings also comprise of a secondary exists, so that in case of emergency, the employees might exit immediately. Due to the presence of such type of facilities, the security of the employees from fire also enhanced to a certain extent. Fire safety related training programs - in order to improve the knowledge and inner skills of the employees over the security of fire, varied types of training programs are also implemented within the organization. This helps the employee to know varied types of ways to save him or herself from fire. Education and training programs - With the help of implementation of these programs, the devotion and motivation of the employees over

Had I Been White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Had I Been White - Essay Example Diouna, a young Senegalese woman was working as a laundress for the Pouchet family stationed in Dakar. When the family decided to take a holiday in France, they took Diouna along with them on the mistaken assumption by Diouana that she has been employed as a governess to the children of the couple. The French couple took advantage of the innocence and the lack of literacy of the black girl that made her lose all her hopes and dreams in coming to France. The scheming way of Madame Pouchet in taking Diouna to France was clearly demonstrated in the story. â€Å"In France when she hired a maid not only was the salary higher, but the maid demanded a day off to boot† (770). This was always the dilemma of Madame Pouchet whenever they had their holiday in France. â€Å"She had conceived a plan for her next vacation† (770). Her plan was to hire an African girl because she knew that â€Å"for three thousand francs a month, any young African girl would have followed her to the en d of the earth† (770). Madame Pouchet was set to put up her plan to success by praising the beauty of living in France and by showering Diouana with things such as old clothes and shoes that she knows would be of great necessity on the impoverished condition of Diouana and her family. Diouana fantasizes France as the land where her hope of becoming rich will come true. All she could think of was the â€Å"beauty, richness, and the joy of living† (770) in France. For Diouana getting rich would mean the â€Å"freedom to go where she wished, without having to work like a beast of burden† (770). This was the set of mind of Diouana that even an advice from Tive Correa, an old sailor who spent twenty years of his life in France, â€Å"For Diouana, he predicted nothing but misfortune† (772), was not given any consideration or thought. The youth should listen to the wisdom of experience of the old generation because they have been exposed to the realities of life and they are no longer blinded by their dreams. The courage of Tive Correa to counter the defense of Monsiuer Pouchet: â€Å"Certainly. What young African doesn’t dream of going to France?† (772) when the former announced that they did not force Diouana to come with them, was a manifestation of how knowledgeable he was on the real life of the Africans far from their native land. Diouana should have been more sensible when Tive Correa related how young Africans â€Å"confuse living in France with being a servant in France† (772). It should have been an eye opener for Diouna when Tive Correa relates that in Casamance, â€Å"we say that the darkness pursues the butterfly† (772) and not â€Å"the light attracts the butterfly† (772). Realization on her real life in France dawned upon Diouana: â€Å"Sold, sold. Bought, bought. They’ve bought me. For three thousand francs I do all this work. They lured me, tied me to them, and I’m stuck her e like a slave† (775). There is nothing more crushing to the spirit of one who is dreaming of a good life than knowing that he was deceived. Deceived up to the extent of losing one’s identity – â€Å"The neighbors would say: ‘It’s the Pouchets’ black girl . . .’ She wasn’t ‘the African girl’ in her own right, but theirs. And that hurt† (775). It was a very sad state for a person to feel so alone, far from the family who would protect and love and feeling that all hopes are shattered. These conditions usually lead to self-incrimination and will lead to getting angry with oneself and blaming yourself for all the misfortunes. â€Å"Her ignorance made her mute. It was infuriating.†(775). The deception of Madame Pouchet was unmasked by Diouana and she detest being lured by her employers. Madame Pouchet’